From 25615d16f93ffafcb19d0940cfab75e1f374b3b9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Sadeep Madurange Date: Fri, 7 Nov 2025 21:07:12 +0800 Subject: Improve writing. --- _site/archive/arduino-due/index.html | 149 +++++++++++++------------- _site/archive/arduino-uno/index.html | 49 +++++---- _site/archive/awesome-books/index.html | 86 +++++++++------ _site/archive/index.html | 4 +- _site/assets/css/main.css | 1 - _site/feed.xml | 2 +- _site/index.html | 4 +- _site/posts.xml | 2 +- _site/projects/bumblebee/index.html | 23 ++-- _site/projects/matrix-digital-rain/index.html | 30 ++---- 10 files changed, 186 insertions(+), 164 deletions(-) (limited to '_site') diff --git a/_site/archive/arduino-due/index.html b/_site/archive/arduino-due/index.html index 13e006e..86f4fb0 100644 --- a/_site/archive/arduino-due/index.html +++ b/_site/archive/arduino-due/index.html @@ -2,12 +2,12 @@ - Bare-metal ARM Cortex M3 chips + Bare-metal ATSAM3X8E chips - Bare-metal ARM Cortex M3 chips + Bare-metal ATSAM3X8E chips @@ -40,34 +40,38 @@
-

BARE-METAL ARM CORTEX M3 CHIPS

+

BARE-METAL ATSAM3X8E CHIPS

05 OCTOBER 2024

-

This post is about programming bare metal SAM3X8E Arm Cortex M3 chips found on -Arduino Due boards. I had to learn how to do this because none of the -high-level tools for programming Arduino Dues are available for OpenBSD, which -I use for much of my personal computing.

+

This article is a step-by-step guide for programming bare-metal ATSAM3X8E chips +found on Arduino Due boards. It also includes notes on the chip’s memory layout +relevant for writing linker scripts. The steps described in this article were +tested on an OpenBSD workstation.

Toolchain

-

Since we will not be using pre-packaged development tools, we need to assemble -our own toolchain. As usual, we need a compiler toolchain to build programs for -the target chip. As we will be bypassing the embedded bootloader, we will also -need a hardware programmer and an on-chip debugger to flash programs to the -chip. I used the following toolchain.

+

To interact directly with a bare-metal ATSAM3X8E chips, we must bypass the +embedded bootloader. To do that, we need a hardware programmer capable of +communicating with the chip over the Serial Wire Debug (SWD) protocol. Since +the workstation we upload the program from presumably doesn’t speak SWD, the +hardware programmer acts as a SWD-USB adapter. The ST-LINK/V2 programmer fits this +bill.

- +

The OpenOCD on-chip debugger software supports +ATSAM3X8E chips. OpenOCD, on startup, runs a telnet server that we can connect to +to issue commands to the ATSAM3X8E chip. OpenOCD translates plain-text commands +into the binary sequences the chip understands, and sends them over the wire.

+ +

Finally, we need the ARM GNU Compiler +Toolchain to compile C programs for the chip. The ARM GNU compiler +toolchain and OpenOCD, as a consequence of being free software, are available +on every conceivable platform, including OpenBSD.

Electrical connections

-

The following diagram outlines the electrical connections between the different -components necessary to move a compiled program from a PC to the MCU.

+

The following photos illustrate the electrical connections between the Arduino +Due, PC, and the ST-LINK/V2 programmer required to transfer a compiled program +from a PC to the MCU.

@@ -82,69 +86,70 @@ components necessary to move a compiled program from a PC to the MCU.

-

Arduino Due exposes the SAM3X8E’s Serial Wire Debug (SWD) interface via its -DEBUG port. The ST-LINK/v2 programmer uses the SWD protocol to communicate with -the chip.

+

Arduino Due exposes the ATSAM3X8E’s SWD interface via its DEBUG port. The +ST-LINK/v2 programmer connects to that to communicate with the chip.

Uploading the program

-

Follow the steps below to upload a program to the SAM3X8E chip. The -source.tar.gz tarball at the end of the page contains a sample program with a -OpenOCD config file and a linker script.

- -
    -
  1. Start OpenOCD: - 
    $ openocd -f openocd-due.cfg
-
    -
    2. -
  2. Open a telnet session and set the GPNVM1 bit to 1: - 
    $ telnet localhost 4444
+
    The source.tar.gz tarball at the end of this page contains a sample C program
+(the classic LED blink program) with OpenOCD configuration and linker scripts.
+First, use the following command to build it:
    
+
+
    $ arm-none-eabi-gcc -mcpu=cortex-m3 -mthumb -T script.ld \
+    -nostartfiles \
+    -nostdlib \
+    -o a.elf main.c
+
    
+
+
    Then, open a telnet session with OpenOCD and issue the following sequence of
+commands to configure the chip and upload the compiled program to it:
    
+
+
    $ openocd -f openocd-due.cfg
+$ telnet localhost 4444
   > halt
   > at91sam3 gpnvm show
   > at91sam3 gpnvm set 1
   > at91sam3 gpnvm show
-
        
    
-
    3. -
  3. Build the program using the custom linker script. - 
    $ arm-none-eabi-gcc -mcpu=cortex-m3 -mthumb -T script.ld \
-    -nostartfiles \
-    -nostdlib \
-    -o a.elf main.c
-
    -
    4. -
  4. Upload the program using OpenOCD: - 
    $ openocd -f openocd-due.cfg -c "program a.elf verify reset exit"
-
    -
    5. -
+$ openocd -f openocd-due.cfg -c "program a.elf verify reset exit" +
-

Refer to the OpenOCD manual (AT91SAM3 flash driver section) for a complete list -of commands supported for the ATSAM3X8E.

+

The first of the above commands starts OpenOCD. In the telnet session, the +first command halts the chip in preparation for receiving commands. Next, we +inspect the current GPNVM bit setting (more on this later). If the bit is unset +(the gpnvm show command returns 0), we set it to 1 and verify the update.

-

GPNVM bits and the linker script

+

The final command, issued from outside the telnet session, uploads the program +to the chip. Those are the bare minimum set of commands required to program the +chip. The AT91SAM3 flash driver section of the OpenOCD manual lists all +available commands for the ATSAM3X8E chip.

+ +

GPNVM bits

By design, ARM chips boot into address 0x00000. ATSAM3X8E’s memory consists of a ROM and a dual-banked flash (flash0 and flash1), residing in different -locations of the chip’s address space.

- -

The GPNVM bits control which of them maps to 0x00000. When GPNVM1 is cleared -(default), the chip boots from the ROM, which contains Atmel’s SAM-BA -bootloader. So, the chip runs the embedded bootloader instead of our program.

- -

When the GPNVM1 bit is 1 (and the GPNVM2 bit is 0), flash0 at address 0x80000 -maps to 0x00000. When both GPNVM bits are 0, flash1 maps to 0x00000. Since we -place our program in flash0 using the linker script, we set the GPNVM1 bit and -leave the GPNVM2 bit as it is.

- -

The linker script places the vector table at the first address of the flash. -ARM chips expect this unless we relocate the vector table using the VTOR -register. The first entry of the vector table must be the stack pointer, and -the second must be the reset vector.

- -

Finally, the ATSAM3X8E uses a descending stack. So, in the linker script, we -initialize the stack pointer to the highest memory location available. In the -reset vector, we zero out memory, initialize registers, and perform other tasks -before passing control to the main program.

+locations of the chip’s address space. The GPNVM bits control which of them +maps to 0x00000. When GPNVM1 is cleared (the default), the chip boots from the ROM, +which contains Atmel’s SAM-BA bootloader.

+ +

Conversely, when the GPNVM1 bit is 1 (and the GPNVM2 bit is 0), flash0 at +address 0x80000 maps to 0x00000. When both GPNVM bits are 0, flash1 maps to +0x00000. Since we place our program in flash0 in the linker script, we set the +GPNVM1 bit and leave the GPNVM2 bit unchanged to ensure the chip +executes our program instead of the embedded bootloader at startup.

+ +

Linker script

+ +

At a minimum, the linker script must place the vector table at the first +address of the flash. This is mandatory for ARM chips unless we relocate the +vector table using the VTOR register.

+ +

The first entry of the vector table must be the stack pointer. The stack +pointer must be initializes to the highest memory location available to +accommodate the ATSAM3X8E’s descending stack.

+ +

The second entry of the vector table must be the reset vector. In the reset +vector, we can perform tasks such as zeroing out memory and initializing +registers before passing control to the main program.

Files: source.tar.gz

diff --git a/_site/archive/arduino-uno/index.html b/_site/archive/arduino-uno/index.html index 7509267..3b0234d 100644 --- a/_site/archive/arduino-uno/index.html +++ b/_site/archive/arduino-uno/index.html @@ -2,12 +2,12 @@ - Programming ATmega328P chips + ATmega328P chips - Programming ATmega328P chips + ATmega328P chips @@ -40,15 +40,15 @@
-

PROGRAMMING ATMEGA328P CHIPS

+

ATMEGA328P CHIPS

10 APRIL 2025

-

This post is a step-by-step guide for wiring up ATmega328P ICs to run at 5V -with a 16MHz crystal and 3.3V with an 8MHz crystal. While the 5V -configuration is common, the 3.3V configuration can be advantageous in -low-power applications and when interfacing with parts that run at 3.3V.

- -

5V-16MHz configuration

+

This is a quick reference for wiring up ATmega328P ICs to run at 5V and 3.3V. +While the 5V configuration is common, the 3.3V configuration can be useful in +low-power applications and when interfacing with parts that themselves run at +3.3V. In this guide, the 5V setup is configured with a 16MHz crystal +oscillator, while the 3.3V configuration makes use of an 8MHz crystal +oscillator.

The steps that follow refer to the following pinout.

@@ -65,6 +65,8 @@ low-power applications and when interfacing with parts that run at 3.3V.

+

5V-16MHz configuration

+
  1. Connect pin 1 to 5V via a 10kΩ resistor.
  2. Connect a 16MHz crystal oscillator across pins 9 and 10.
    3. @@ -73,23 +75,30 @@ low-power applications and when interfacing with parts that run at 3.3V.

  3. Connect pins 8 and 22 to ground.
-

In addition to the connections described above, it’s a good idea to add 0.1μF +

In addition to the the connections above, it’s a good idea to add 0.1μF decoupling capacitors between pins 7, 20, and 21 and ground. Here’s a sample Makefile for avr-gcc and avrdude.

3.3V-8MHz configuration

-

The following steps use Arduino Uno as an ISP and Arduino utilities to program -ATmega328P’s bootloader and the fuses (e.g., BOD level) for a 3.3V supply.

+

Standard ATmega328P chips are preconfigured to run at 5V. To run one at 3.3V, +we must first modify its fuses (e.g., BOD level). If the chip contains a +pre-installed bootloader that expects a 16MHz clock (such as the Arduino Uno +bootloader), it must be replaced with one that is more amenable to an 8MHz +clock.

+ +

In the following steps, we use an Arduino Uno as an in-system programmer to +replace the embedded bootloader and modify the appropriate fuses.

    -
  1. Upload the ‘ArduinoISP’ sketch to the Uno.
    2. -
  2. Wire up the ATmega328P as described in the previous section. Replace the 5V -supply with a 3.3V supply and use an 8MHz crystal instead of the 16MHz +
  3. Upload the ‘ArduinoISP’ sketch to the Arduino Uno.
    4. +
  4. Wire up the ATmega328P IC as described in the previous section, while +replacing the 5V supply with a 3.3V supply and 16MHz crystal with an 8MHz crystal.
  5. Connect the SPI ports (SCK, MISO, and MOSI) of the two MCUs.
    6. -
  6. Connect Uno’s SS pin to the IC’s pin 1 (RESET).
    7. -
  7. The IC can be powered by the Arduino Uno’s 5V pin.
    8. +
  8. Connect the Arduino Uno’s SS pin to the IC’s RESET pin (pin 1).
    9. +
  9. Connect the IC’s VCC to a 5V supply (e.g., the Arduino Uno’s 5V +pin).
  10. Burn the bootloader to the ATmega328P:
    • Select ‘ATmega328P (3.3V, 8MHz)’ from Tools > Processor.
      • @@ -100,14 +109,14 @@ crystal.

The ATmega328P is now ready to run at 8MHz with a 3.3V power supply. You can -upload programs to the ATmega328P as you usually would using avrdude. +upload programs to the ATmega328P as you normally would using avrdude. Here’s a sample Makefile with adjusted parameters (e.g., baud rate) for an 8MHz clock.

In both configurations, if you intend to use the ATmega328P’s analog-to-digital converter with the internal 1.1V or AVcc voltage as reference, do -not connect AREF (pin 21) to Vcc. Refer to section 23.5.2 ADC -Voltage Reference in the datasheet for more information.

+not connect AREF (pin 21) to Vcc. Refer to section 23.5.2 in the +datasheet for more information.

by Wickramage Don Sadeep Madurange

diff --git a/_site/archive/awesome-books/index.html b/_site/archive/awesome-books/index.html index c9f1934..8f2f45e 100644 --- a/_site/archive/awesome-books/index.html +++ b/_site/archive/awesome-books/index.html @@ -43,65 +43,74 @@

AWESOME BOOKS

20 APRIL 2025

-

This article contains a list of my favourite books.

- -

Cloud Atlas

+

Cloud Atlas

This highly creative novel rekindled my love of fiction. Cloud Atlas is a -collection of six tales linked across time. As the novel unfolds, each story -riffles over the previous ones, like a pack of playing cards.

+collection of six tales linked across time. As the book unfolds, the stories +riffle over one another like a pack of cards. David Mitchell brings the Cloud +Atlas world and the characters in it to life with beautiful, vivid +descriptions. The novel explores themes ranging from social to spiritual, +including the struggle for freedom against oppression, interconnectedness, and +rebirth.

Ender’s Game

-

In this sci-fi novel, Andrew “Ender” Wiggin, a young boy, is drafted to lead a -squad of young children in an offensive against an alien race. It’s a complex -story that touches upon various political and philosophical issues. Those -perceived as gifted by others (and alienated for it) will likely connect with -Ender.

+

In this sci-fi novel, Andrew “Ender” Wiggin, an 11-year-old boy, is drafted to +lead a squad of young children in an offensive against an alien race. Ender’s +Game is a complex story that explores themes of war, leadership, and the +challenges gifted individuals must face as they navigate a lonely life marked +by envy, alienation, and, sometimes, much-needed friendship.

Flowers for Algernon

-

This novel, written as a series of progress reports, tells the story of Charlie -Gordon, a developmentally disabled man who acquires superhuman cognitive -abilities through an experimental medical procedure. For some reason, I felt a -deep connection with Charlie. If I had to pick a favourite book on this list, -that would be this.

+

This novel, written as a series of progress reports, tells the tragic story of +Charlie Gordon, a developmentally disabled man who acquires superhuman +cognitive abilities through an experimental medical procedure. Charlie’s birth +family abandons him because he is not smart enough; his friends abandon him +because he is too smart. In the end, to spare everyone’s feelings, Charlie must +end up in the Warren Home.1 This is my +favourite book in the list.

Dead Souls

-

Nikolai Gogol is one of the most original authors I’ve read. Dead Souls is the -story of Ivanovich Chichikov, a traveling merchant who trades dead serfs. -Instead of simply describing them, Gogol develops realistic characters in -minute detail by employing theatrical clashes between them.

+

Dead Souls is the story of Ivanovich Chichikov, a traveling merchant who trades +dead serfs. Gogol’s writing style is similar to Dostoyevsky’s. Considering how +Gogol’s work predates Dostoyevsky’s, Gogol is one of the most original authors +I’ve read. Instead of simply describing them, Gogol develops realistic +characters in minute detail by employing theatrical clashes between them.

The Overcoat

Gogol’s The Overcoat is one of the finest short stories I’ve read. Akaky -Akakievich, an impoverished government clerk, must buy a new overcoat. I -recommend reading Gogol before Dostoyevsky. What Gogol invented, Dostoyevsky -perfected.

+Akakievich, an impoverished government clerk, buys a new overcoat. I recommend +reading Gogol before Dostoyevsky. What Gogol invented, Dostoyevsky perfected.

Demons

After reading Demons, a story about an attempted revolution, I realized that -Dostoevsky’s reputation is well-deserved. Dostoyevsky was a great observer of -the human psyche. The depth with which he depicts his characters is -unparalleled. Demons is a book that anyone aspiring to bring about change -through revolution must read.

+Dostoyevsky’s reputation is well-deserved. Dostoyevsky was a great observer of +human nature. He depicts characters in profound detail. Dostoyevsky’s writing +can feel long and meandering at times. However, as character development goes, +Dostoyevsky wastes no stroke of the brush. Demons is a book that anyone +aspiring to bring about change through revolution, especially in the name of +someone else’s ideals, must read.

The Outsider

-

Camus’s quote, “In our society, any man who doesn’t cry at his mother’s funeral -is liable to be condemned to death,” summarizes the book quite well. To -appreciate the philosophical elements of this absurdist novel, you may also -want to check out The Myth of Sisyphus.

+

Camus’s own quote, “In our society, any man who doesn’t cry at his mother’s +funeral is liable to be condemned to death,” summarizes the book quite well. +The book is about the philosophy of the absurd: the contention between our +propensity to seek meaning in a seemingly silent and indifferent universe. To +appreciate the philosophical elements of this novel, check out The Myth of +Sisyphus.

Frankenstein

-

I’m not sure why I found this story so charming. Perhaps it’s a deep-felt -empathy for Victor Frankenstein. Maybe it’s the rustic descriptions of places -I’d never seen. After reading the book, I traveled Frankenstein’s trail from -Germany through Lucerne, Geneva, and Scotland.

+

I first got to know the Frankenstein story through its popular derivatives. The +book changed my impression of the story from one about a familiar monster to +one about a poignant genius deserving empathy. Mary Shelley’s intricate writing +style is singularly captivating. In this list, Frankenstein is the most +beautifully written book.

Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde

@@ -125,6 +134,15 @@ two books are more relevant today than they’ve ever been.

Aksenty Ivanovich’s diary, the story documents the government clerk’s descent into madness. His obsession with social status and self-aggrandizement leads him on a trajectory of envy, wounded pride, and outright insanity.

+ +
+
    +
  1. + Cliff's Notes +
    2. +
+
+

by Wickramage Don Sadeep Madurange

diff --git a/_site/archive/index.html b/_site/archive/index.html index 228167a..91a7361 100644 --- a/_site/archive/index.html +++ b/_site/archive/index.html @@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ - Programming ATmega328P chips + ATmega328P chips @@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ - Bare-metal ARM Cortex M3 chips + Bare-metal ATSAM3X8E chips diff --git a/_site/assets/css/main.css b/_site/assets/css/main.css index 24940f0..401f623 100644 --- a/_site/assets/css/main.css +++ b/_site/assets/css/main.css @@ -202,7 +202,6 @@ pre::-webkit-scrollbar { white-space: nowrap; margin: 0 auto; animation: typing 3s steps(40, end); - animation-delay: 0s; } .typewriter-2 { diff --git a/_site/feed.xml b/_site/feed.xml index 9b981df..c5108d6 100644 --- a/_site/feed.xml +++ b/_site/feed.xml @@ -1 +1 @@ -Jekyll2025-11-07T19:32:33+08:00http://localhost:4000/feed.xmlASCIIMX | ArchiveWickramage Don Sadeep MadurangeNeo4J A* search2025-09-14T00:00:00+08:002025-09-14T00:00:00+08:00http://localhost:4000/archive/neo4j-a-star-searchWickramage Don Sadeep MadurangeMOSFETs2025-06-22T00:00:00+08:002025-06-22T00:00:00+08:00http://localhost:4000/archive/mosfet-switchesWickramage Don Sadeep MadurangeAwesome books2025-04-20T00:00:00+08:002025-04-20T00:00:00+08:00http://localhost:4000/archive/awesome-booksWickramage Don Sadeep MadurangeProgramming ATmega328P chips2025-04-10T00:00:00+08:002025-04-10T00:00:00+08:00http://localhost:4000/archive/arduino-unoWickramage Don Sadeep MadurangeBare-metal ARM Cortex M3 chips2024-10-05T00:00:00+08:002024-10-05T00:00:00+08:00http://localhost:4000/archive/arduino-dueWickramage Don Sadeep Madurange \ No newline at end of file +Jekyll2025-11-09T08:32:15+08:00/feed.xmlASCIIMX | ArchiveWickramage Don Sadeep MadurangeNeo4J A* search2025-09-14T00:00:00+08:002025-09-14T00:00:00+08:00/archive/neo4j-a-star-searchWickramage Don Sadeep MadurangeMOSFETs2025-06-22T00:00:00+08:002025-06-22T00:00:00+08:00/archive/mosfet-switchesWickramage Don Sadeep MadurangeAwesome books2025-04-20T00:00:00+08:002025-04-20T00:00:00+08:00/archive/awesome-booksWickramage Don Sadeep MadurangeATmega328P chips2025-04-10T00:00:00+08:002025-04-10T00:00:00+08:00/archive/arduino-unoWickramage Don Sadeep MadurangeBare-metal ATSAM3X8E chips2024-10-05T00:00:00+08:002024-10-05T00:00:00+08:00/archive/arduino-dueWickramage Don Sadeep Madurange \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_site/index.html b/_site/index.html index 510b4c0..73af875 100644 --- a/_site/index.html +++ b/_site/index.html @@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ - Programming ATmega328P chips + ATmega328P chips @@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ - Bare-metal ARM Cortex M3 chips + Bare-metal ATSAM3X8E chips diff --git a/_site/posts.xml b/_site/posts.xml index fdc2211..842a968 100644 --- a/_site/posts.xml +++ b/_site/posts.xml @@ -1 +1 @@ -Jekyll2025-11-07T19:32:33+08:00http://localhost:4000/posts.xmlASCIIMXWickramage Don Sadeep Madurange \ No newline at end of file +Jekyll2025-11-09T08:32:15+08:00/posts.xmlASCIIMXWickramage Don Sadeep Madurange \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_site/projects/bumblebee/index.html b/_site/projects/bumblebee/index.html index c2da039..23f1a66 100644 --- a/_site/projects/bumblebee/index.html +++ b/_site/projects/bumblebee/index.html @@ -43,23 +43,24 @@

BUMBLEBEE: BROWSER AUTOMATION

02 APRIL 2025

-

Bumblebee is a web browser that turns browser sessions into C# scripts. Its -objective is to eliminate the need for authoring scripts for testing, web -scraping, and other browser automation tasks.

+

Bumblebee is a web browser that converts browser sessions into C# scripts for +playback. It eliminates the need for authoring browser automation scripts.

-

Bumblebee is a Windows Forms application written in C#. The rendering of web -content is handled by the embedded Microsoft Edge browser (via WebView). The -text editor on the right is Scintilla.NET. It -enables users to override the script at any point during the session. There are -application settings that let users debounce events, ignore hidden elements -and scripts, and more.

+

Bumblebee is a Windows Forms application written in C#. Web content is rendered +by the embedded Microsoft Edge browser (via WebView). The text editor on the +right is Scintilla.NET. Users can +override the generated script at any point during the session. The users can +configure Bumblebee to debounce events, ignore hidden elements, etc.

-

Unfortunately, I can’t share the source code for Bumblebee. I developed it for -an employer. Hence, the software is proprietary.

+

Bumblebee works by injecting a custom JavaScript program that tracks user +interactions. The tracker intercepts and sends them to the Bumblebee backend as +events for analysis. In addition to the front-end events, Bumblebee also +intercepts events internal to the web browser, which it then interprets to +generate C# code for the Selenium WebDriver in real time.

by Wickramage Don Sadeep Madurange

diff --git a/_site/projects/matrix-digital-rain/index.html b/_site/projects/matrix-digital-rain/index.html index ad4bb97..1b941c7 100644 --- a/_site/projects/matrix-digital-rain/index.html +++ b/_site/projects/matrix-digital-rain/index.html @@ -43,36 +43,26 @@

THE MATRIX DIGITAL RAIN

12 JANUARY 2024

-

The famous digital rain from the movie The Matrix implemented in C for -the Unix terminal without using any GUI/TUI kits:

+

The famous digital rain from The Matrix, implemented in C.

-

Domsson’s Fakesteak inspired -this project. I added the following features while trying to keep the original -project’s simplicity intact as much as possible:

+

This project is a fork of Domsson’s beautiful Fakesteak.

-
    -
  • Customize the rain color to match the theme of the setup.
    • -
  • Support for UTF-32 characters.
    • -
  • The ghosting effect of old monochrome displays.
    • -
  • The rain more closely resembles the original from the first movie.
    • -
+

There are three color settings: head, tail, and background. They are configured +by setting the 24-bit RGB channels using COLOR_*_RED, COLOR_*_GRN, and +COLOR_*_BLU definitions. The ghosting effect of old monochrome screens is +achieved by scaling the RGB channels. This results in a rain effect that +closely resembles the original from the first Matrix movie.

-

To use them, you need a terminal emulator that supports 24-bit RGB colors and -Unicode characters.

- -

The background, head, and tail colors of the rain can be configured via -COLOR_BG_*, COLOR_HD_*, and COLOR_TL_* settings. The UNICODE_MIN and -UNICODE_MAX values control the character set used for the rain. For instance, -use 0x30A1 and 0x30F6 for Katakana:

+

In addition, this implementation supports UTF-32 character sets. The +UNICODE_MIN and UNICODE_MAX controls the Unicode block used. For +instance, setting them to 0x30A1 and 0x30F6 rains Katakana:

-

Happy ricing!

-

Files: source.tar.gz

by Wickramage Don Sadeep Madurange

-- cgit v1.2.3